Referencias científicas
Grupos de riesgo
Aire
Alimentos
Higiene personal
Productos de limpieza
Construcción y decoración
Agua
Otras fuentes de exposición
Enfermedades causadas por tóxicos
Sustancias y agentes tóxicos
The relationship between housing and health: children at risk. Breysse P, Farr N, Galke W, Lanphear B, Morely R, Bergofsky L. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:1583–1588.
Total health assessment of chemicals in indoor climate from various consumer products. Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 75 2006. Environmental Protection Agency. Danish Ministry of the Environment.
La exposición humana y los peligros para la salud. Parte 2. Steinemann A. (2005) Edición Electrónica en Castellano de Rachel´s Environment & Health News 811. Salud y Medio Ambiente. Boletín Informativo 811. Peter Montague Editor.
Frequent use of chemical household products is associated with persistent wheezing in pre-school age children. A Sherriff, A Farrow, J Golding, the ALSPAC Study Team, J Henderson. Thorax 2005;60:45–49.
Atshma symptoms in hispanic children and daily ambient exposures to toxic and criteria air pollutants. Delfino RJ et al. (2003). Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (4): 647-656
The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. Bornehag, CG. et al. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112(14):1393-1397.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides. Pediatrics Vol. 125 No. 6 June 2010, pp. e1270-e1277
Pesticide exposure and stunting as independent predictors of neurobehavioral deficits in Ecuatorian school children. Grandjean P, Harari R, Barr DB, Debes F. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3).
Long-term neurobehavioral health effects of methyl parathion exposure in children in Mississippi and Ohio. Ruckart PZ, Kakolewski K, Bove FJ, Kaye WE. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(1):46–51
Neurobehavioral performance in preschool children from agricultural and non-agricultural communities in Oregon and North Carolina. Rohlman DS, Arcury TA, Quandt SA, et al. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26(4):589–598.
Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the US population. Barr DB, Bravo R, Weerasekera G, et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(2):186–200
Vulnerability of children and the developing brain to neurotoxic hazards. Weiss B. Environ Health Perspect. 2000;108(suppl 3):375–381
Childhood brain tumors, residential insecticide exposure, and pesticide metabolism genes. Searles Nielsen S, McKean-Cowdin R, Farin FM, Holly EA, Preston-Martin S, Mueller BA. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jan;118(1):144-9.
Environmental Chemicals in Pregnant Women in the US: NHANES 2003-2004. Woodruff TJ, Zota AR, Schwartz JM 2011. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002727
Effect of Environmental Agents on Pregnancy Outcomes: Disturbances of Prenatal Growth and Development. Cordero, J.F. Med Clin North Am 1990;74(2):279-290.
Impact of prenatal exposure to Piperonyl butoxide and Permethrin on 36-month neurodevelopment. Horton et al. 2011. Pediatrics
Developmental neurotoxicity of piretroid insecticides: critical review and future research needs. Shafer et al. Envir. Health Persp. 2005, 113 (2)
Impact of prenatal chlorpiriphos exposure on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Rauh et al. 2008. Pediatrics 118 (6).
Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(5):792–798.
Symptoms of mothers and infants related to total volatile organic compounds in household products. Farrow A et al. 2003. Arch Environ Health 58(10): 633-41 .
Household chemicals: good housekeeping or occupational hazard? Editorial. European Respiratory Journal 2008; 31: 489–491
Household chemicals, persistent wheezing and lung function: effect modification by atopy? Henderson J, Sherriff A, Farrow A, Ayres JG. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 547–554.
Frequent use of chemical household products is associated with persistent wheezing in pre-school age children. Sherriff A, Farrow A, Golding J, Henderson J. 2005. Thorax. Jan;60(1):45-9.
Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research. Delfino RJ. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110: Suppl. 4 573–589.
Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Sugiura-Ogasawara, M., et al., Hum Reprod, 2005. 20(8): p. 2325-2329.
Preconception Serum DDT and Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Study Using a Biomarker of Pregnancy. Venners, S., et al., Am J Epidemiol, 2005. 162(8): p. 1-8.
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«Mujer y condiciones de trabajo: riesgos en el embarazo en peluqueras». Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública de la Universidad de Alicante.2007
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Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Organic Solvents. Khattak, S. et al. A Prospective Controlled Study. JAMA 1999; 281:1106-1109.
Bisphenol a exposure causes meiotic aneuploidy in the female mouse. Hunt, P.A. et al. Curr Biol 2003;13(7):546-553.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Congenital malformations – general
Drinking Water Contamination and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review. Bove F., et al. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(1):61-74.
Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Organic Solvents. Khattak, S. et al. A Prospective Controlled Study. JAMA 1999; 281:1106-1109.
In Harm’s Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development. Schettler, T. et al. A Report by the Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility. January 2001.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Cardiac congenital malformations
Association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and the health of newborns. Huang PC, Kuo PL, Chou YY, Lin SJ, Lee CC. Environ Int. 2009 Jan;35(1):14-20. Epub 2008 Jul 21.
Phthalate Exposure and Human Semen Parameters. Duty, S.M. et al. Epidemiology 2003;14:269-77.
Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Gray, L. E., Jr., Ostby, J., Furr, J., Price, M., Veeramachaneni, D. N., & Parks, L. 2000. Toxicol Sci, 58(2): 350-365.
Prenatal phthalate exposure and reduced masculine play in boys. Swan SH, Liu F, Hines M, Kruse RL, Wang C, Redmon JB, Sparks A, Weiss B. Int J Androl. 2010 Apr;33(2):259-69. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, et al. 2005. Environ Health Perspect 113:1056–1061.
Associations between urinary phthalate monoesters and thyroid hormones in pregnant women. Huang PC, Kuo PL, Guo YL, Liao PC, Lee CC. Hum Reprod. 2007 Oct;22(10):2715-22. Epub 2007 Aug 17.
Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Gupta, C. 2000. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 224(2): 61-68.
Environmental toxicants and female reproduction. Sharara, F.I., D.B. Seifer, and J.A. Flaws, Fertil Steril, 1998. 70(4): p. 613-22.
Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Organic Solvents. Khattak, S. et al. A Prospective Controlled Study. JAMA 1999; 281:1106-1109.
Maternal and Paternal Risk Factors for Cyrptorchidism and Hypospadias: A Case-Control Study in Newborn Boys. Peirik, FH. et al. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112:1570-1576.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Genito-urinary malformations (includes male and female)
Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children. Amercian Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics 2004; 114(6):1699-1707.
Drinking Water Contamination and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review. Bove F., et al. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(1):61-74.
Air pollution and health. Brunekeef B, Holgate S. Lancet. 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1233-42.
Occupational Exposures to Metals, Solvents, and Pesticides: Recent Evidence on Male Reproductive Effects and Biological Markers. Figa-Talamanca I. et al. Occup Med 2001;51(3):174-188.
Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth. Longnecker, M.P. et al. Lancet 2001; 358:110-114.
Prenatal insecticide exposures and birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort. Whyatt, RM. Et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(10):1125-1132.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Low birth weight / small for gestational age / intra-uterine growth retardation
Drinking Water Contamination and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review. Bove F., et al. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(1):61-74.
ToxFAQs™ – Clorofenoles (Chlorophenols). ATSDR.
Toxicant and Disease Database. Neural tube defects / CNS malformations
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Skeletal malformations
Drinking Water Contamination and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review. Bove F., et al. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(1):61-74.
Gene/environment causes of cleft lip and/or palate.Murray JC. Clin Genet 2002;61:248-256.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Oral clefts (cleft lip and palate)
In Utero Exposure to Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)-phthalate and Human Pregnancy Duration. Giuseppe, L. et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; on line: http://dx.doi.org DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6202. 8/18/03
Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth. Longnecker, M.P. et al. Lancet 2001; 358:110-114.
Genetic susceptibility to benzene and shortened gestation: evidence of gene-environment interaction. Wang X, et al. Am J Epidem 2000: 152(8):701-703.
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Preterm delivery
Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to preterm birth in Mexico City. Meeker JD, Hu H, Cantonwine DE, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Calafat AM, Ettinger AS, et al. 2009. Environ Health Perspect 117:1587-1592. doi:10.1289/ehp.0800522
Prenatal Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate Exposure and Length of Gestation Among an Inner-City Cohort. Whyatt RM, Adibi JJ, Calafat AM, Camann DE, Rauh V, Bhat HK, Perera FP, Andrews H, Just AC, Hoepner L, Tang D, Hauser R. [Journal Article] Pediatrics 2009 Dec; 124(6):e1213-20
Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, et al. 2005. Environ Health Perspect 113:1056–1061.
Determinación de hidrocarburos aromáticos (benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno, p-xileno, 1,2,4-trimetilbenceno) en aire – Método de adsorción en carbón activo / Cromatografía de gases. MTA/MA-030/A92. INSHT
Métodos de toma de muestras y análisis. INSHT.
Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos, Oficina del Aire y Radiación. Report to Congress on Indoor Air quality, Volume II: Assessment and Control of Indoor Air Pollution, pp. i,4-14. EPA-400-1-89-00IC, 1989.
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An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). EPA . USA.
WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. WHO Regional Office for Europe
The right to healthy indoor air. Report on a WHO meeting, Bilthoven, Netherlands, 15–17 May 2000. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
Critical appraisal of the setting and implementation of indoor exposure limits in the EU. Brussels, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 2005.
Small chamber tests for measurement of VOC emissions from flooring adhesives. Yu CWF, Crump DR. Indoor and Built Environment, 2003, 12:299–310.
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Influence of basement, garages and common hallways on indoor residential volatile organic compound concentrations. Dodson RE et al. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42:1569–1581
Concentrations and sources of VOCs in urban domestic and public microenvironments. Kim YM, Harrad S, Harrison RM. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35:997–1004.
Migration of volatile organic compounds from attached garages to residences: a major exposure source. Batterman S, Jia CR, Hatzivasilis G. Environmental Research, 2007, 104:224–240
Estimating volatile organic compound concentrations in selected microenvironments using time–activity and personal exposure data. Sexton K et al. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, Current Issues, 2007, 70:465–476.
Indoor pollutants emitted by office equipment. A review of reported data and information needs. Destaillats H et al. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42:1371–1388.
VOCs in industrial, urban and suburban neighbourhoods – Part 1: Indoor and outdoor concentrations, variation and risk drivers. Jia CR, Batterman S, Godwin C. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42:2083–2100.
Exposure to volatile organic compounds found to be important in the cause of childhood asthma. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:923
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Exposure to air pollutants in English homes. Journal of Exposure Raw GJ et al. Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2004, 14:S85–S94.
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IPEADAM study: indoor endotoxin exposure, family status, and some housing characteristics in English children. Tavernier G et al. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2006, 117:656–662.
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“Consumiendo química. Europa. Las sustancias peligrosas en el polvo doméstico, como indicador de exposición química en el hogar”. Greenpeace. Octubre 2003.
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Plaguicidas en la dieta: aportando piezas al rompecabezas. Vicente A, et al. Gac Sanit 2004;18(6):425-30
Impact of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children. Rauh VA, Garfinkel R, Perera FP, et al. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6).
Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(5):792–798
Pesticide exposure and stunting as independent predictors of neurobehavioral deficits in Ecuadorian school children. Grandjean P, Harari R, Barr DB, Debes F. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3).
Long-term neurobehavioral health effects of methyl parathion exposure in children in Mississippi and Ohio. Ruckart PZ, Kakolewski K, Bove FJ, Kaye WE. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(1):46–51
Neurobehavioral performance in preschool children from agricultural and non-agricultural communities in Oregon and North Carolina. Rohlman DS, Arcury TA, Quandt SA, et al. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26(4):589–598.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides. Pediatrics Vol. 125 No. 6 June 2010, pp. e1270-e1277
Exposure to PBDEs and PCDEs associated with the consumption of edible marine species. Domingo JL, Bocio A, Falcó G, Llobet JM (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. (USA) 40, 4394-4399
Daily intake of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead by consumption of edible marine species.Falcó G, Llobet JM, Bocio A, Domingo JL (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem. (USA) 54, 6106-6112
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REAL DECRETO 1599/1997, DE 17 DE OCTUBRE, QUE RECOGE LA REGULACIÓN DE LOS PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS (BOE núm. 261, de 31 octubre [RCL 1997, 2572])
http://www.aemps.gob.es/legislacion/espana/cosmeticosHigiene/docs/Higiene/rcl_1997_2572.pdf
ORDEN SAS/3292/2009, DE 27 DE NOVIEMBRE, POR LA QUE SE MODIFICA EL ANEXO III DEL REAL DECRETO 1599/1997, DE 17DE OCTUBRE, SOBRE PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS. (BOE núm. 295, de 8 diciembre [RCL 2009, 2414])
http://www.aemps.gob.es/legislacion/espana/cosmeticosHigiene/docs/cosmeticos/rcl_2009_2414.pdf
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http://fondosaludambiental.org/index.php?q=node/407
Prohiben Clorpirifos; Diazinón; Diclorvos y Malatión
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CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Pyrethins / pyrethroids
CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Permethrin
EPA announces plan to require disclosure of secret pesticide ingredients.
Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products. Last Updated April 2011
Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners. Zock JP, Kogevinas M, et al. (2001) Scandinavian Journal of Work , Environment & Health. Vol 27,nº1, 76-81
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Directiva 2005/84/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 14 diciembre de 2005 por la que se modifica por vigesimosegunda vez la Directiva 76/769/CEE del Consejo relativa a la aproximación de las disposiciones legales, reglamentarias y administrativas de los Estados miembros que limitan la comercialización y el uso de determinadas sustancias y preparados peligrosos (ftalatos en los juguetes y artículos de puericultura).
Directiva 2006/66/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 6 de septiembre de 2006, relativa a las pilas y acumuladores y a los residuos de pilas y acumuladores.
Directiva 2008/103/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 19 de noviembre de 2008 , que modifica la Directiva 2006/66/CE, relativa a las pilas y acumuladores y a los residuos de pilas y acumuladores, por lo que respecta a la puesta en el mercado de pilas y acumuladores (Texto pertinente a efectos del EEE)
«Phthalates in school supplies», elaborado en 2008 por el CCRSM (Comité científico de los riesgos sanitarios y medioambientales) de la Comisión Europea.
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CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Rhinitis – irritant
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The Impact of Bisphenol A and Triclosan on Immune Parameters in the US Population, NHANES 2003-2006. Clayton EMR, Todd M, Dowd JB, Aiello AE 2010. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002883
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CHE Toxicant and Disease Database. Contact dermatitis – irritant
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Un individuo medio podría estar expuesto a unos 76 mg/día de parabenos, según Blanca Diaz Ley, y otros autores, del Servicio de Dermatología del Inst. de Salud Carlos III de Madrid, que publicaron una revisión sobre el tema. Piel. 2006;21(5):231-40. Aunque estos autores en concreto, concluían que no había nada definitivo sobre la maldad de estos productos, a pesar de la abundante literatura científica en sentido contrario
